Master Cho on the Nutritive Cycle

The sessions

Thursday morning: Soil First, Seawater 1:30

Master Cho opens the Kohala nutritive-cycle seminar with philosophy: know yourself, health comes from food, and soil welfare comes before crop, animal and human welfare. He says crops have their own 'morning sickness', grounds seawater in the Bible and a Hawaiʻi ranch story, and gives the 1:30 seawater spray two hours before sunset. Then three heats and local microbes, the plump-and-slim life cycle that leads to his stage-by-stage chart, and an open Q&A before lunch.

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·0:00 ·26 min Korean, translated

Fix the Soil First: Soil → Crop → Animal → Human

Cho opens the advanced seminar with questions, not recipes: what is nature, who are you, what is the biggest farming. He argues that health comes from healthy food, so the farmer is the foundation of the world, and that farming by your own judgment or a professor's theory makes 'smart fools'. He ends on the chain soil welfare, crop welfare, animal welfare, human welfare, written on the flip chart.

Taught This seminar keeps the old flavour but gives a new taste; returning students should treat it as review.

philosophy soil health nutritive cycle history

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·25:44 ·16 min Korean, translated

Crops Get Morning Sickness Too

From the Korean saying 'a good field bears healthy children', Cho moves to pregnancy and morning sickness as his picture of a body asking for what it needs. Then he turns it on the farm: pigs, cows, chickens, papaya, mango and tomato have their own morning sickness and cycles, and corn bears its ears for its own young, not for us.

Taught Korean saying: the field has to be good to bear healthy children.

nutritive cycle reproduction livestock corn philosophy

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·41:38 ·16 min Korean, translated

Seawater 1:30, Two Hours Before Sunset = Fast Uptake

Cho says the soil's hometown is the sea, from Genesis, and tells Elisha salting the spring in 2 Kings as the Bible's seawater story. Then the ranch: cows dying on acidic grass, an owner afraid of salt, and the fix, seawater diluted 1 to 30 because seawater is 3% salt and a plant's green blood 0.1%. For drought pasture he gives the timing: spray 1 part seawater to 30 parts fresh water two hours before sunset, cut and feed the next day, and the same timing for every crop.

Taught More than 95% of Natural Farming comes from the Bible, and the Bible is action and practice.

minerals seawater livestock pasture timing drought

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·58:06 ·18 min Korean, translated

Microbes Digest, You Absorb: Keep Microbes and Feed Local

Seated now, Cho says a crop is a living being made of the same sun, air, water and soil as us, so farming starts with humility: 'natural farming is love'. He writes three chi and three heats on a fresh flip-chart page and says body heat is fermentation heat, because microbes digest our food and we absorb what they make. From there: collect microbes near you, and feed livestock what is made here, not shipped in.

Taught If this doesn't land, redo levels 1, 2 and 3.

microbes protectors livestock feed fermentation philosophy

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·1:16:11 ·33 min Korean, translated

Plump, Slim, Plump Again: Feed Every Stage

Cho walks through how a child goes plump, slim and plump again with age, and says young paprika, tomato, papaya, pigs and chicks should be raised plump too. Miss the balance at the changeover and the crop gets sick, so he has had his stage-by-stage chart translated for this level-3 seminar. Then fermentation heat (an IMO 4 pile runs 60-70 °C), a seminar notice, and an open Q&A: seawater 1:30 for all crops, salt blocks, no seawater nearby, and 'the crop is the professor'.

Taught People go plump at 2-4, slim at 5-6, plump at 10-13, slim at 14-16, plump then thin at 19-21.

nutritive cycle minerals microbes livestock tomato paprika

Thursday afternoon: Guest Talks, Vinegar, Lava to Soil

Joe McGinn opens with Cho's principles seen from Oʻahu and the work of growing a farmer network there; Drake Weinert maps the solutions onto soil science and lays out the certification levels. Then Cho takes the flip chart: vinegar from whatever grows locally, solutions as living liquids, collecting at dawn where the first sun falls, and his own life story. He ends on why deep planting holes kill trees and how charcoal, Microbes and corn turned Kona lava into soil before dinner.

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Joe McGinn ·0:00 ·28 min

Brown Sugar + Rice = the Whole Toolbox

Joe McGinn opens the afternoon by asking everyone where their grandparents are from, then walks through Cho's principles of natural farming in slides, read through a Hawaiian lens. He ends on a simple point: every solution rests on brown sugar or on rice vinegar, so anyone can start, beginning with Food (FPJ).

Taught Supermarkets and tractors came in around the 1930s, so grandparents born before then farmed without machines or chemical fertilizer

history nutritive cycle microbes food cleanser hawaii

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Joe McGinn ·27:43 ·33 min

Spray Once a Week, Price It High: Growing Farmers on Oʻahu

Joe McGinn's second deck: how he came to natural farming through Dr. Hoon Park and the 2011 Makapala course, what the Oʻahu network has learned (a food-safety test of the solutions, family classes, shared Medicine, chefs and home pig processing), and its challenges: doing it every week, getting to market, and making it pay. Questions on pigs, chickens and rabbits close it; his advice is to start with chickens.

Taught Oʻahu grew from about 200,000 people in 1977 to over a million

livestock pigs protectors medicine reproduction taro

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Drake Weinert ·1:00:49 ·37 min

Well-Fed Diversity = Healthy Soil: KNF in Scientists' Words

Drake Weinert brings back what soil scientists said at the Hawaii Farmers Union state convention and maps it onto Cho's solutions: Microbes (IMO) as biodiversity, Food (FPJ) as concentrated root exudates, fungi that build soil aggregates. Then questions: why FPJ is like an exudate, fixing deficiencies, the fungus-to-bacteria ratio, sprayers, and spraying a mixed garden where crops sit at different stages.

Taught Microbes (IMO) = biodiversity; tell a scientist that and you're speaking their language

soil microbes food fungi nutritive cycle science

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Drake Weinert ·1:38:17 ·27 min

Teach It as You Got It: Lineage and Certification Levels 0–5

Asked whether apple wine can stand in for makgeolli in Medicine (OHN), Drake gives the general rule and argues for teaching the recipe as received and keeping local changes labelled. Then he writes the certification ladder on the flip chart, levels 0 to 5, and explains who may certify whom; the room asks for shared teaching materials.

Taught Certification levels: 0 non-certified, 1 exposure, 2 competency, 3 advanced topics, 4 experts, 5 master

certification teaching medicine microbes lineage cgnf

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·2:05:29 ·22 min Korean, translated

Liquor + Air = Vinegar: Make It From What Grows Here

The question held since Joe's talk comes back: must the vinegar be brown rice vinegar? Kim Chang, the interpreter, answers first in her own voice (4-5% acidity, and why competency matters), then Cho takes the flip chart. Don't insist on brown rice: carbohydrate plus nuruk makes liquor, the air's acetic acid bacteria turn it to vinegar in 3 to 5 days, and the material sets the quality. He adds coconut vinegar, a little cooked brown rice in banana liquor, why koji isn't IMO, and why brown rice beats white.

Taught Use local material for vinegar; it needs at least 4 to 5% acidity

cleanser vinegar microbes local materials banana coconut

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·2:27:23 ·31 min Korean, translated

Living Liquid, Not Enzyme: Collect at Dawn, Face South

Cho says what we make isn't an enzyme but a living fermented liquid, and tells the loaves and fishes as a picture of how one lump of Microbes covers 6,000 pyeong. He weeps, then says farming is done with love, not technique. The practical core: collect material when the plant holds the most of nature's power, in the morning, and collect IMO where the first sun falls; sunlight's far-infrared growth ray is why sprouts face south. He ends on three sets of parents: the crops that raise you, so pesticide is parricide.

Taught One fist-sized lump of Microbes (IMO) can be multiplied for about 6,000 pyeong

microbes food timing collection sunlight philosophy

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·2:57:56 ·29 min Korean, translated

Elementary School to 3:6 Rice: How Cho Found Natural Farming

With twenty minutes to dinner, Cho tells how he came to natural farming: elementary school only, 4-H, top of a 90-to-1 exam for the Gyeonggi livestock school, a vet license he gave up to prevent disease rather than cure it, Japan, and high school at 26. He names his three Japanese teachers, says Ōinoue first created the nutritive cycle, and calls Jesus his greatest teacher: 1 Corinthians 3:6 became the growing method and the name of his rice. Then the kimchi maker and a roofless church in Tanzania.

Taught Cho went only as far as elementary school, then worked in 4-H as a young man

history biography nutritive cycle teachers rice philosophy

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·3:27:08 ·27 min Korean, translated

Charcoal + Microbes, No Deep Hole: Lava to Soil in 6 Months

Cho draws the deep planting hole JICA used in Tanzania, 60 to 70 cm with fertilizer at the bottom, the way Hawaiʻi is told to plant fruit trees, and shows four ways it kills the tree. His way: no water, five lumps of charcoal on top and IMO4 over them. Then raising seedlings in poor soil before rich, and the Kona lava field he turned to 3 cm of soil in six months with charcoal, IMO4, corn and the Type 2 feed. The session ends with a cheer and dinner.

Taught JICA in Tanzania planted trees in holes 60 to 70 cm deep, fertilizer at the bottom, watered on top

microbes soil trees planting charcoal seedlings

Friday morning: This Year's Fruit Was Made Last June

Cho opens on a dry breakfast tangerine: fruit is conceived the summer before, so Structure (WCP) goes on June 24 with Medicine (OHN), then he talks nitrogen, mother's milk, what nature is and why he farms. After the leaf-to-mole food chain and Chris Trump's macadamia orchard, he walks through Microbes 1 to 4, corn mulch, shallow tilling and rice with 2–3 seeds a hill, and ends on crops fed at each 'morning sickness'.

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·0:00 ·40 min Korean, translated

Structure on June 24 Sets Next Year's Fruit

Cho cuts open a dry tangerine from breakfast and explains why it failed: fruit that bears once a year is conceived the summer before, between June 30 and July 5, so water-soluble calcium phosphate (Structure) goes on June 24 with Medicine (OHN). He writes the dates on the flip chart, then turns to the breakfast papaya, nitrogen and taste, and a long parable of mother's milk against cow's milk.

Taught Plump fruit is conceived June 30 to July 5; that is when you hit the 'home run'

structure medicine timing nutritive cycle fruit trees citrus

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·39:34 ·17 min Korean, translated

Nature = 3 Chi + 3 Heats + 4 Bodies + 3 Kingdoms

Cho puts up his 'Natural Farming' title slide and asks what nature is: three chi, three heats, the bodies and three kingdoms; farming is heaven, earth and people working with them, and food is the gift. Then he recites the Lord's Prayer, tells how pastors scolded him and threw him out, and says 1 Corinthians 3:16–17 is why he farms. A voice from the room sums it up in English.

Taught Cho came to natural farming through 1 Corinthians 3:16–17: the body is God's temple

philosophy nature three chi fermentation faith food

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·56:58 ·17 min Korean, translated

Raise Microbes, Moles Drain the Soil: Macadamias +20% a Year

From a drawing of a plant, Cho traces the food chain under it: the leaf feeds the root, root waste feeds microbes, microbes feed earthworms, earthworms draw moles, and mole tunnels air the soil. He tells how Chris Trump's waterlogged macadamia orchard in Kohala came back that way, and how a paste of soil and Microbes (IMO4) healed trunk wounds. Then soil is the crop's mother, and Tanya leads a qigong break.

Taught 150,000 to 200,000 microbes live on one square centimeter of leaf

microbes soil earthworms drainage macadamia orchards

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·1:13:44 ·33 min Korean, translated

Microbes 1 → 4: Bamboo Grove to 150 kg per 300 Pyeong

Cho walks through his Microbes (IMO) slides: the starter caught under bamboo, IMO2 with equal sugar, IMO3 on rice bran, and IMO4 made with half field soil so the local microbes meet their relatives. He says natural farming restores soil in two months where organic takes one to two years, then shows IMO4 spread at 150 kg per 300 pyeong in a Korean greenhouse: white film, earthworms, risen soil, and a 180 cm stick that goes all the way in.

Taught Chewed bamboo root gives sweet juice for 15 minutes; microbes love sweet, so they crowd into bamboo groves

microbes imo soil bamboo organic farming greenhouse

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·1:46:24 ·35 min Korean, translated

Till Shallow, Roots Go Deep: Corn Mulch, Cabbage, Rice

Cho shows how to grow grass to control grass: in Hawaiʻi, corn cut at a meter and laid down over IMO4, with cabbage and melons planted through it. Paired rice photos follow: 2–3 seeds a hill against 8–12, a murky paddy with loaches and no herbicide. He argues deep tilling makes shallow roots, sends out the four nutritive-cycle handouts after a qigong break, runs a pull test with the room, and ends on professors who teach the past.

Taught Cut the corn at about 1 m and lay it down; 6–7 cm of cover stops grass

mulch no-till tillage rice cabbage microbes

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·2:21:07 ·23 min Korean, translated

Same Rice Seed, 180–240 Grains vs 80–140: Crop Results

Cho's results slides: conventional rice at harvest looks like orphanage children, natural-farming rice like children raised by both parents; the same seed gives 180–240 grains a panicle against 80–140, about 30% more yield at a 50% better price. Then the stories behind the photos (cooked rice, Amore cosmetics, a melon farmer caught using agrochemicals, Ehime lemon leaves at $1 each) and crops fed at each 'morning sickness': pepper, beans, broccoli, cauliflower, corn and strawberries. Lunch follows.

Taught Same seed: natural farming 180–240 grains a panicle, conventional 80–140

rice yield structure timing broccoli corn

Friday afternoon: Egg Yolk Oil, Eggshells and Burned Bone

The session opens with Drake's short interview of two Kohala farmers and a clip of the outdoor egg yolk oil demo. In the hall, Master Cho talks about egg yolk oil, then explains Reproduction (WCA) from eggshells and Structure (WCP) from burned cow bone: why they dissolve in vinegar, and how he uses them for flower buds, hens that stop laying and sows that won't come into heat.

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·0:00 ·29 min Korean, translated

Eggshell, Bone + Vinegar = Hens Laying, Sows in Heat

Drake interviews two Kohala farmers, then the camera catches the outdoor egg yolk oil demo. Back in the hall, Cho talks about egg yolk oil, then turns to Reproduction (WCA) from eggshells and Structure (WCP) from burned cow bone: why each dissolves in vinegar, and how he uses them for flower buds, hens that stop laying and sows that won't come into heat.

Taught Start egg yolk oil with one dozen eggs; a batch takes about an hour

reproduction structure medicine cleanser livestock poultry

Friday evening: The IMO5 Ring, Then Chickens and Pigs

Master Cho opens on an empty mangosteen and prescribes IMO4 mixed 1:1 with vinegar-moistened bone char, spread in a ring at the drip line before flowering, then writes the Eightfold Path on the board and shows what crops can do on IMO4. The second half is livestock: chicks on brown rice, fermented green-corn feed, the layer house, Gus's hard first batch, egg tests, and a pig pen nobody cleans.

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·0:00 ·37 min Korean, translated

Fat Tree, Empty Fruit: The IMO5 Ring at the Drip Line

Cho opens with plans: next time he wants to walk farms and diagnose crops, and he wants Hawaiʻi visitors to eat on natural farms. Then he cuts open the mangosteen a participant gave him. It's nearly empty, because the tree was overfed when young and lacked calcium phosphate the July before. His fix is IMO4 mixed 1:1 with vinegar-moistened bone char, spread in a ring at the drip line ahead of flowering; the room's questions settle what the 1:1 means.

Taught IMO5 = IMO4 mixed 1:1 with bone char moistened with brown rice vinegar

microbes structure cleanser nutritive cycle fruit trees mangosteen

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·37:10 ·22 min Korean, translated

See Half, Farm Half: The Eightfold Path on the Board

Cho writes the Eightfold Path on the flip chart: see rightly, think rightly, speak rightly, live rightly, first alone and then with others. The eye sees only half, and farming by the outward shape is what made the mangosteen rotten inside. Then religion, a plan to record his farm visits, his fee (a tenth of the extra profit) and one last IMO5 question.

Taught IMO5 goes at the drip line

philosophy nutritive cycle microbes fruit trees mangosteen observation

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·59:30 ·38 min Korean, translated

What a Crop Can Do: 8,000 Tomatoes, 14-Brix Papaya

Cho points at the bubbling jars (alive, so never seal them in plastic), then takes an aside on crocks and a water machine from Korea. Then his slides of what crops can do: a 15-year grape vine, his 8,000-tomato plant, a Hilo papaya fruiting down the trunk on IMO4 alone, papaya brix, a Thai longan grove saved with a beer-and-vodka stopgap, chili, banana and taro on IMO4. He ends with a Korean field trial where Natural Farming got the worst field and the biggest harvest.

Taught One 15-year grape vine bore 3,600 bunches; the record vine bore 15,000

microbes minerals medicine fruit trees papaya brix

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·1:37:15 ·35 min Korean, translated

Chicks on Brown Rice, Hens on Green Corn, Sun on the Floor

The livestock section starts. Cho shows his self-ventilating pen and skylit chicken house, then raises chicks: brown rice first, the 3-day yolk, egg yolk with bamboo leaves, then greens like a cow. Green corn chopped and fermented with IMO4, LAB and grape yeast becomes feed; his feed-plot arithmetic gets checked by the room. He ends on the layer house: openings at 36 cm, sun across the floor once a day, and a rice-straw floor with no flies and no smell.

Taught A Hawaiʻi farmer with 15,000 chickens: IMO4 alone, no smell, no disease

livestock poultry microbes protectors feed corn

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Gus, with Master Cho Han-kyu (interpreted by Kim Chang) ·2:11:53 ·18 min

Build the Coop Before the Chicks: Gus's Hard Lesson

Gus tells the room about two weeks of poultry training in Korea and his first batch at home: 100 chicks shared with Stephen, and most of his died. Not from sickness: fear of mongoose kept them crowded in too small a space. Kim Chang, the interpreter, adds her own lessons on mongoose and rats, Cho says with proper housing not one of 100 chicks dies, and Steve tells how fish killed his.

Taught Two weeks of hands-on poultry training in Korea, April 2017

livestock poultry housing predators testimony chicks

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·2:30:05 ·28 min Korean, translated

A Yolk You Can Lift: Hen Houses and Egg Tests

It's past 9 pm and Cho keeps going through his poultry slides: soil floors and dust baths, Korea's pesticide eggs, the hen that roosts highest, broody cages, dark laying boxes and rice hulls. He shows home-made feed, pig feed from broiler litter, and how to test an egg: lift the yolk, look for three layers, pull it with a toothpick. Then blood spots, red paper against pecking, dissected birds and darker yolks from purple sweet potato.

Taught Korea's 2017 pesticide eggs: caged hens get mites, so pesticide went into the feed

livestock poultry eggs microbes protectors feed

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·2:58:22 ·20 min Korean, translated

Sawdust + IMO4 = A Pig Pen Nobody Cleans for 3 Years

Fifteen more minutes of slides, now pigs. Cho shows the wing-curved roof, houses 2 m apart with perilla between, and the floor bed of logs, sawdust and IMO4 that lets one housewife keep 300 pigs with no cleaning for 3 years. Then free sow pens, a Chinese pen at minus 40, a fermented feed box, food scraps and pig dung turned into feed, piglets on the first nipple, and a stress-hormone slide. The session ends: 'that is love', and the rest tomorrow.

Taught Space houses so the front one's shade never falls on the next: about 2 m

livestock pigs microbes housing feed floor bed

Saturday morning: Feed the Stage Before It Comes

Master Cho teaches the heart of the nutritive cycle: a weekly spray that firms the skin of fruit, Food by age (mugwort and dropwort FPJ for the young crop, fruit and flower FFJ later), and where the theory came from, Ōinoue Yasushi. Then the rice chart, stage by stage: the seed's own milk, the seed soak, weaning and Fuel, the dowry at transplant, N, P, K and calcium by stage, the ripening shot, and the rule to give each prescription 5 days to a week early, read from the leaves.

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·0:00 ·22 min Korean, translated

Seawater + Calcium Weekly = Skin Bees Can't Break

Cho opens with the rice chart on the screen and says upland rice would grow here on mountain moisture. Then he holds up a damaged citrus fruit: it didn't crack, a bee stung it, because too much nitrogen made the skin thin. The fix is a weekly fine-mist spray of Structure (WCP), Reproduction (WCA) and seawater, given before the plant's mid-week dip, which he writes on the flip chart for a quarter acre.

Taught Mountain humidity here is about 70%, enough to grow upland rice; IMO No. 4 holds 80% moisture

structure reproduction seawater citrus fruit skin foliar spray

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·21:53 ·21 min Korean, translated

Baby Food by Age: Mugwort FPJ First, Fruit FFJ Later

Cho uses a person's ages as the picture for a crop: from 1 to 15 the body is being built, so the young crop gets Food (FPJ) of mugwort and water dropwort for iron and manganese; from about 15 to 25 it gets Food (FFJ) of ripe fruit and opened flowers, once a week each. Dr. Park sorts out which plant carries which mineral. Then Cho tells farmers to run comparison plots, remembers the 78-year-old grandmother who taught him, and says the old farmers farmed with wisdom.

Taught Like a child of 1 to 15, a young crop gets Food (FPJ) of mugwort and water dropwort

food mugwort dropwort nutritive cycle timing comparison plots

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·43:10 ·16 min Korean, translated

Ōinoue's Theory, Cho's Chart: Where the Cycle Came From

With the rice chart back on the screen, Cho says every crop has a life, and rice's starts with sprouting on February 12. After a stretch break he credits the nutritive cycle to Ōinoue Yasushi, who bred the Kyoho grape, tells his own story of Ōinoue's persecution and death, of learning from the widow and son, and of refusing to be the successor. The chart itself is Cho's, and he asks Hawaiʻi to fit its own crops into it, with Joe McGinn leading.

Taught Rice is sprouted around February 12

nutritive cycle history ōinoue rice hawaii kyoho grape

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·58:54 ·26 min Korean, translated

Seed Milk, Not Cow's Milk: The Seed Soak and Weaning Feed

Cho walks the first stages of the rice chart: sprouting February 12, weaning March 12. A seed grows on its own seed milk, so base fertilizer is like raising a baby on cow's milk; raise seedlings in poor soil. When the milk runs out, start feeding, beginning with Fuel (FAA). Then he puts up the prescription handout and the seed soak and Type 2 columns are read out, with two errors in the English copy caught; Dr. Park ends on the Mineral products and clay jars.

Taught Rice: sown and sprouting February 12; young seedling and weaning March 12, a month later

seeds seed treatment fuel food cleanser medicine

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·1:24:33 ·30 min Korean, translated

Send a Dowry at Transplant, Then Read the 180-Day Chart

Rice goes to the field on May 5. Cho's dowry story: like a father sending a daughter off with money, give extra at the end of Type 2 so the transplant roots in and fruits. He says Natural Farming is a work in progress that Hawaiʻi must build for its own weather, then walks the rice chart by date and leaf count, calls rice a 180-day crop, warns against overfeeding, and reads the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium needs of each stage.

Taught Rice is transplanted at the strong-seedling stage, May 5, and gets Type 2 again in the main field

nutritive cycle rice transplanting timing nitrogen calcium

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·1:54:45 ·34 min Korean, translated

Feed 5–7 Days Early: Ripening, Flower Buds, Leaf Shape

With the prescription handout projected, Cho goes through the stage columns and the ripening spray: seawater 1:30, then 1:25, then 1:20 a week apart, sugar up 2–3%, plus purslane Food at 1:1000 for shine. Then the rule: give each stage's prescription 5 days, or a week, before the stage. Questions follow: flowers are made the summer before, the moon calendar, rice by leaf count, reading the stage from leaf shape, and alternate bearing. It ends at lunch.

Taught The prescriptions go by stage: seed and seedling, Type 2 for the trunk, changeover, Type 3 for the fruit, then ripening

timing ripening brix seawater structure food

Saturday afternoon: The Season Recap and Certificates

The last session. Master Cho goes back over the soil and seedling columns of his prescription table, a corn cover crop with IMO4 laid down as no-till mulch, and the seedling soak, then paints a picture of Natural Farming agritourism in Hawaiʻi. With minutes left he runs through the whole season again, from the soil to ripening. Drake shows the CGNF Hawaiʻi website and hands out the certificates, and everyone heads out for the group photo.

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·0:00 ·30 min Korean, translated

Corn + IMO4 = No Till, No Weeds; Then a Four-Season Farm

Back at the projected prescription table, Cho goes over the first two columns again: a corn cover crop with Microbes (IMO4) under it, laid down as no-till mulch, and the seedling soak. Then he leaves the table for his picture of a Natural Farming farm in Hawaiʻi that visitors come to: something blooming or fruiting in every season, a guesthouse, good food, and a place to learn.

Taught At about two months, cut the corn and lay it flat; the layer is about 7 cm

soil microbes seeds cover crop mulch fruit trees

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Master Cho Han-kyu, interpreted by Kim Chang ·29:35 ·24 min Korean, translated

The Season on One Table: Soil, Soak, Flowers, Sugar

Told he has two minutes, Cho asks what matters most in farming (the soil), then runs through the whole season on the projected table: cover crops, the seedling soak with the leaves kept dry, Type 2, the changeover and next year's fruit, Mineral D as water drawn from rock, Type 3 and ripening. He closes with his hopes for Hawaiʻi: classes on the islands, a CGNF Hawaiʻi quality mark, and starting small.

Taught After transplanting: Type 2, Fuel (FAA) for nitrogen

nutritive cycle soil seeds structure reproduction minerals

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Drake Weinert ·53:10 ·29 min

Certificates, the First Level 2, and the Group Photo

Drake shows the CGNF Hawaiʻi website (a members' Q&A seeded from Facebook, and the certification list with this seminar on it), assigns cleanup chiefs, reads the certificate and hands them out with Cho and Kim Chang, the interpreter. Jason gets the first Level 2. The tape ends as everyone heads to the flag post for the group photo.

Taught The certification site lists Level 3 'Nutrient Cycle, Makapala, October 21'

ceremony certification cgnf hawaii community history

Scenes from the week